THE MYCENAEAN COLONIZATION in SICILY and SOUTH ITALY, From 1.200 B.C... (SOURCES).
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(To learn more, read the book, donate to this blog, (sicilia-calabria.blogspot.com) in English and Italian. SICILY AND SOUTHERN ITALY. Mythology, prehistory, and history of southern Italy and Sicily up to the 3rd century.)
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MYCENAEAN
CITIES IN APENNINE
PENINSULA
A big number of the Achaean Kings, after the
long term Trojan war (lasting more than 10 years), lost their kingdoms from usurpators. So they had to leave their Kingdoms and look for a new homeland, eventually new Kingdoms. The most attractive place was the
Sicily and the South Apennine peninsula,
where hundred of years before, other Greeks from MINOAN Kingdoms of Crete, Aegean and Cycladic
islands, (long before 2.000 years b.C.) were peasants there in
significant numbers .
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Map of Minoan and Mycaenen archaeological locations, main cities.
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According to:
1)STRABON, who wrote the history of Italian cities (Strabon, Geographica),
2) ROMAN ARCHEOLOGY by the DIONYSIOS From
Halicarnassos,
3) Poem:
“ ALEXANDRA” by – LYKOFRON, and
4) Epos
ODYSSEIA by HOMER…,
the Greek tribes lived in the South Apennin peninsula from the MYCENEAN era (this era starts in 2.000 b.C.), and not from 8th century b.C., archaic colonization, as we usually believe. A lot of Greek settlers of course use to live in Italy
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AENEAS, together with ANTINOR (source,“Alexandra” and “Aeniada” to) were the Patriarchs
of Romans. They were Trojans (the Trojans were a Greek tribe. The "Trojan
war" was between the TROJANS (their protector was the god Apollo) and the ACHAEANS and DANAUS (as Homer wrote in ILIADA) from Peloponessos and central Greece (godess Athina protected them) and not between two different nations, the Trojans and the Greeks. Because the name Greek - HELLENES- at this time was not in use as common national name for the dozens of Greek origin tribes. Homer did not mention the name GREEKS neither one time in the Iliad).
The most famous war of the antiquity happened for the control of the straits of Helespontos (Dardanelle) and
the commerce between Mediterranean and
the reach of graines & metals Black Sea coast . (Dionysius from Halicarnassos wrote why the
Romans and the Greek were brothers,
because they had the same origin from Aeolia (Ilion or Troy, Lemnos, Imbros, Tenedos, Lesbos...).
The Aeneas, after the fall of Troy, passed thru Macedonia, Aitolia, Epirus, the islands
of Kefalonia, Lefkada, Kythera … and other
Greek provinces, to Apennine peninsula and founded a lot of
cities.
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Since he arrive in the south of the Apennine peninsula,
(first in Sicily ), he get in contact with two of his friends from Troy EGESTA (the
most known monument of EGESTA, is the Doric Temple
He founded also the city of GAETA
north of Napoli . The name Gaeta
North of Gaeta ROME
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North of
Rome, in Aquilla, existed a
sanctuary of DIOMIDES. He was the former
King of Argos. Diomidis was a Homeric hero. He lost his Kingdom from his wife lover, so he had to escape out from Argos, to Apulia . In Apulia Diomidis became son in Low of King Davnos. He founded in Apulia the next famous cities: ARPOI,
SIPOUS, KANISSION, and ARGIRIPPA.
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North of Apulia, in the cape
GARGANON Italy
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Another group of Homeric heroes, soldiers from King NESTOR; s (of PYLOS) army, founded the city of METAPONTIO
in Basilicata province , and some other heroes from the Peloponnesian city of PISSA, in Olympia province ,
establish the city of PIZA in Italy.
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The FILOKTITIS from Magnesia in Thessalia (Magnesia was the famous birthplace of
Achilles), established the
cities of KROTON, PETILLIA, KRIMISSA, MANALLA and some others.
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AEAS (AJAX or AIANTAS) fron LOCRIDA (AEAS LOCROS). He was rapist of the
Trojan princes Cassandra in the "Palladion", temple
of Athene Pallas in Troy
The most of his float sinked in the Aegean see and the Aeas with his companions arrived in south Italy
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IDOMENEAS had a son back in Crete . His name was LEUKOS-(spell lefkos). Leukos took violentlly the kingdom from his father, but he was not able to keep it
for long time. Very soon the Leukos went
to Italy to LEUKANIA, in order to save his life from other revolts in the island of Crete .
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MENELAOS, King of SPARTA, had also adventures in SICILY
and South Italy . He founded the city of DREPANI (TRAPANI) and ERYX (Eryx was son of Poseidon). He founded also the city of ELBA in the island
of ELBA temple
of HERCULES
Menelaos founded also the city LEFKA -LEUKA (with the
modern name) SANTA MARIA DI LEUKA.
And the city “LAKAINIA HERA”(Lakenia Hera) a propolis of KROTON.
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The ODYSSEUS founded also cities in the island LIGALI (or ISOLE DI
SIRENE) in the golf on Naples
The city of NEAPOLIS
When the Sirena PARTHENOPI arrived in the city of FALIRON
Island LICOSA also took their name of the Sirena LIKOSA…
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The Palace of famous
CIRCE (KIRKI, from Odyssey), Goddess of
Magic, existed in the city with the same
name, south of ROME , with gorgeous acropolis and a great temple of Aphrodite
North of Napolis (very
near) existed the lakes AHEROUSIA
and AORNOS (the gate of entrance to ADES. The gates to underground word, or word
of Dead).
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In the cape
Pachynos
(southeast end of Sicily
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In the country on DAUNIANS came Aetolians from Aetolia,
province in western-central Greece. They DIOMIDIS ISLANDS
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In the far
North, the Homeric Hero ANTILOHOS, founded the city of PERUGIA.
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Another Trojan refugee, the ANTINOOS, left the Troy ENETIA" which was the name of the capital of Paflagonia
at this time, (later, Enetia in Paflagonia renamed to SINOPE in PONTUS , Asia Minor- Sinop in turkish today ).
And many other smaller cities by other Heroes.
-B-
PANTALICA
PANTALICA is an
archaeological site/ Necropolis in
The site, along with the neighboring city of
PANTALICA
has been identified with the ancient Greek city of HYBLA, whose last king, HYVLON, allowed the
settlers from MEGARA city, (HYVLON lived during the Second Greek colonization to Sicily ,1250-1100 BC. The first colonization was the Minoan, from 2000-1400 BC),
to found the city of Megara Yvlaia in
729 BC. Little remains of the prehistoric settlement, probably destroyed by the
Syracusans when they founded the city of
The area is repopulated during the Byzantine
period when small rock settlements are created and many of the caves are used
as houses and orthodox churches.
The grave artifacts, goods and the rest of the archaeological material, allowed the
separation of the so-called "Culture of Pantalika" into 3 periods:
Pantalika I (1200-1000 BC):
Pantalika II (1000-850 BC)
Pantalika III (850-750 BC)
THE Palace, the Mycaenean «ANAKTORON».
At the top of the small plateau in Pantalika, the
Italian Archaeologist Orsi was the first to Find the traces of a building, that
he called the Palace ANAKTORON,
according to Mycenaean standards.
Conclusion: The discovery of Mycenaean artifacts and other material findings in Pantalika, in the
tombs and in the Palace, proves, in my opinion, that Pantalika was settled by
the Greek Mycenaeans . It was the
ancient YVLA. According to some other archaeologists, the existence of
Mycenaean findings, indicates that the unknown inhabitants of Pantalika simply
had trade relations and shopped from
-C-
1)Fondo Paviani,
2)Fabrica dei sotsi,
3)Montaniana,
4)Fratezina,
5)Ancona,
6)Trezzano,
7)Pientiluco,
8)Luni sul minione,
9)Monte Rovello,
10)San Giovenale,
11)Kasale Nuovo,
12)Vivara,
13)Ischia,
14)Empoli,
15)Pesto,
16)Polla,
17)Praia a Mare,
18)Santa Domenica di Rricardi,
19)Panarea,
20)Lipares Isole,
21)Filicunti,
22)Ustica,
23)Salina,
24)Manacore,
25)Molinella,
26)Copa Nevigata,
27)Toppo Dagutso,
28)Trani,
29)Bari,
30)Giovinazo,
31)Santa Sabrina,
32)Punta Del Terrare,
33)Sourbo,
34)Otranto,
35)Leuka,
36)Parabita,
37)Porto cesareo,
38)Avetrana,
39)Oria,
40)Torre Castellucia,
41)Porto Perone,
42)Satyrion,
43)Taranto,
44)Scoglio Del Tonno,
45)Cozzo Marziotta,
46)Palazziano,
47)Timmari,
48)San Vitto,
49)Trrmitoo,
50)Francavilla Marittima,
51)Broglio di trembizace,
52)Tore del ,
53)Capo Piccolo,
54)Serra Orlanbdo,
55)Valsavoia,
56)Molinello,
57)Thapsos,
58)Syracusa
59)Plemmyrion,
60)Mantrensa,
61)Cotso del Pandano,
62)Florindia,
63)Pantalica,
64)Kava Kana Barbara,
65)Monte Salia,
66)Busemi,
67)Canatello,
68)Milena,
69)Caldare,
70)Agrigento,
71)Borg in Nantur
72)Albuziu,
73)Sa Mandra sa Giua,
74)San Antioco de Bisarzio,
75)Ponsomazziore,
76)Orosei,
77)Rio Locula,
78)Nuoro,
79)Perda e Floris,
80)Tertenia,
81)Domu s' Orcu,
82)Antigori,
83)Capoterra,
84)Asemini,
85)Netsimopouzzu,
86)Gonosfanadiga,
87)Barumini,
88)Sierra ilixi,
89)Abini,
90) Tharros,
See more information, pictures of excavations and artifices in:
http://ellinondiktyo.blogspot.com/2017/12/blog-post_7.html
